Utilización de materiales didácticos para fomentar valores educativos en baloncesto de formación / Utilização de materiais didáticos para fomentar os valores educativos do basquetebol de formação / Using didactic materials to promote educational values in basketball young teams

Con la intención de promover la enseñanza y aprendizaje del baloncesto desde una perspectiva educativa en las etapas de formación, las Escuelas de Baloncesto de la Fundación Real Madrid, a través del proyecto de investigación denominado 'Por una Educación REAL: Valores y Deporte', ha elaborado una serie de materiales didácticos que permitan ayudar a los entrenadores y jugadores a desarrollar la práctica del baloncesto en el mejor contexto educativo. Dichos materiales ofrecen a los entrenadores la posibilidad de mejorar su calidad como docentes, tanto en los entrenamientos como la competición, incluyendo los valores educativos en la práctica diaria, haciendo también partícipes a los jugadores y sus familias. El objetivo principal de este estudio, después de varias temporadas de desarrollo del proyecto, ha sido analizar el uso que los entrenadores hacen de los diferentes materiales didácticos. La población de estudio ha sido 15 entrenadores de la Escuelas de baloncesto de la Fundación Real Madrid, con una experiencia media de 4,7 años. Estos docentes han entrenado a un total de 580 jugadores y jugadoras de las categorías benjamín, alevín, infantil y cadete. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario diseñado ex profeso con preguntas vinculadas al objetivo del estudio. Los resultados indican que el material más usado, por ser considerado muy útil, ha sido un libro-manual denominado 'Iniciación al Valorcesto' (68%); le siguen el programa 'Tarjeta Blanca' (41%) y el documento de 'Evaluación Trimestral' (38,5%) (AU)

Com a intenção de promover o ensino e aprendizagem do basquetebol sob o ponto de vista educativo nas etapas de formação, as Escolas de Basquetebol da Fundação Real Madrid, através do projeto de investigação denominado 'Por uma educação REAL: Valores e Desporto', elaborou uma série de materiais didáticos que permitem ajudar os treinadores e jogadores a desenvolver a prática do basquetebol no melhor contexto educativo. Estes materiais oferecem aos treinadores a possibilidade de melhorar a sua qualidade como docentes, tanto nos treinos como a nível de competição, incluindo valores educativos na prática diária, envolvendo os jogadores e as suas famílias. O objetivo principal deste estudo, depois de várias temporadas no desenvolvimento do projeto, consiste em analisar o uso que os treinadores fazem dos diferentes materiais didáticos. A população visada foram 15 treinadores das Escolas de Basquetebol da Fundação Real Madrid, com uma experiência média de 4,7 anos. Estes docentes treinaram um total de 580 jogadores e jogadoras das categorias de Infantil, Iniciado, Juvenil e Júnior. Como instrumento utilizou-se um questionário desenhado ex profeso com perguntas vinculadas ao objetivo do estudo. Os resultados indicam que o material mais usado, por ser considerado muito útil, foi o livro-manual denominado de “Iniciação ao Basquetevalor” (68%); seguido do programa 'Cartão Branco' (41%) e ao documento de 'Avaliação Trimestral' (38,5%) (AU)

In order to promote the teaching and learning of basketball from an educational perspective in the formative stages, Real Madrid Foundation Basketball Schools, through the research project entitled 'For a REAL Education: Values and Sport', has developed a series of teaching materials available to assist coaches and players develop the practice of basketball in the best educational context. These materials offer coaches the opportunity to improve their quality as teachers, both in training and competition, including the educational values in daily practice, making also participants the players and their families. The main objective of this study, after several seasons of project development, has been analyzed the use that the coaches make from the different didactic materials. The study population was 15 basketball coaches from Real Madrid Foundation Basketball Schools, with an average experience of 4.7 years. These teachers have trained a total of 580 male and female players from the youngest categories, U10, U12, U14 and U16. The instrument used was a questionnaire designed expressly with questions related to the study objective. The results indicate that most used material, to be considered useful, it has been a manual book called 'Introduction to Basketvalues' (68%); followed by the 'White Card' program (41%) and the paper 'Quarterly Player Assessment' (38.5%) (AU)

Biomechanical considerations of foot-ground contact in T'ai Chi Chuan.

Although numerous studies have linked t'ai chi chuan (TCC) practice with benefits for balance, reduction in the number of falls, and in the fear of falling, most of them did not address the causes of these benefits in depth. Some studies, however, sought to determine the causes from the biomechanical point of view. This article aims to thoroughly describe and critically review recent papers on foot-ground contact in TCC practice, one of the parameters involved in balance biomechanics in TCC performance. No previous review on this subject has been found. Nine electronic databases were searched for publications between 1996 and 2013. Studies were excluded if they were not published in English or were abstracts, posters, or summaries from conferences. From a total of 195 articles identified, 4 randomized controlled trials and 3 non-randomized controlled trials were eligible for the analysis. The number of studies that assessed foot-ground contact in TCC and effects on normal gait, postural control improvement, and fall prevention is still quite small. These studies were based on intervention protocols and used populations that were too heterogeneous to allow reliable comparisons. According to the studies analyzed, TCC practice clearly improved parameters associated with foot-ground contact. Nevertheless, the manner in which these benefits are transferred to daily displacement habits still remains unclear.

Efectos contradictorios del Tai Chi Chuan sobre la osteoartrosis de rodilla / Contradictory effects of Tai Chi Chuan on knee osteoarthritis

Introducción: La bibliografía relativa al Tai Chi Chuan y sus efectos sobre la osteoartrosis de rodilla son contradictorios. Las evidencias encontradas son tanto a favor como en contra. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar a qué puede deberse esta contradicción. Material y métodos: En este estudio se utilizaron 9 bases de datos electrónicas. La búsqueda incluyó los trabajos publicados hasta diciembre de 2012, encontrando un total de18 estudios que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El análisis consideró las deficiencias en los diseños de investigación, y la omisión y la falta de homogeneidad en los parámetros utilizados en las intervenciones. Resultados: Los parámetros de evaluación de las revisiones sistemáticas realizadas estuvieron condicionados por los instrumentos de evaluación elegidos centrándose en el análisis del diseño de investigación. En los estudios específicos, solo el 50% aportaron información de los parámetros: peso, grado de osteoartrosis y tiempo que se lleva padeciendo, diseño de la sesión, metodología de enseñanza y velocidad de ejecución. Menos del 50% incluyeron la altura de la postura, la fuerza muscular, la experiencia del profesor y la medicación. Conclusiones: La omisión y la falta de homogeneidad en los parámetros controlados incluidos en los estudios provocan la falta de claridad sobre los efectos del Tai Chi Chuan en esta patología. Es necesario establecer un marco de referencia que defina los parámetros mínimos a incluir en los estudios para facilitar la interpretación y poder comparar los resultados (AU)

Introduction: The literature on the Tai Chi Chuan and its effects on knee osteoarthritis are contradictory. The evidence found is both for and against. The aim of this study was to find out an explanation of this contradiction. Material and methods: For this study we used 9 electronic databases. The search was conducted until December 2012 and a total of 18 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were found. The deficiencies in the research design as well as the omission and lack of homogeneity in the parameters used in interventions were considered in the analysis. Results: The evaluation parameters of the systematic reviews were conditioned by the assessment tools selected focusing on the analysis of the research design. In specific studies, only 50% of them provided information on weight parameters, degree of osteoarthritis and time of suffering, session design, teaching methodology and execution speed. Less than 50% included the height of the posture, the muscle strength, the experience of the teacher and medication. Conclusions: The omission and lack of homogeneity in the parameters involved in the studies leads to a lack of clarity on the effects of Tai Chi Chuan in this pathology. It is necessary to establish a framework that defines the minimum parameters to include in studies to facilitate interpretation and compare results (AU)